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Sanni Yakuma
Sanni yakuma, sometimes known as Daha ata sanniya is a traditional Sinhalese exorcism ritual. The ritual consists of 18 dances, each depicting a particular illness or ailment affecting humans. These 18 dances are the main dances of the Pahatharata, or low country, dancing form, which is one of the three main dancing forms of Sri Lanka.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Traditional Dances of Sri Lanka )〕〔( The Last of the Devil Dancers )〕 The ritual calls the demons who are thought to affect the patient, who are then told not to trouble humans and banished().
==Origins==
It was believed that illnesses were brought on humans by demons. According to folklore, the 18 demons who are depicted in the Sanni Yakuma originated during the time of the Buddha.〔However, this story is given differently in Buddhist sources, and describes the Buddha saving the city from a plague through the chanting of the Ratana Sutta. See Vaishali_(ancient_city)#Visits_of_the_Buddha_to_Vaishali.〕 The story goes that the king of Licchavis of Vaishali suspected his queen of committing adultery and had her killed. However, she gave birth when she was executed and her child became the ''Kola Sanniya'', who grew up "feeding on his mother's corpse". The Kola Sanni demon destroyed the city, seeking vengeance on his father, the king.〔Schechner and Appel (1990), p. 126〕 He created eighteen lumps of poison and charmed them, thereby turning them into demons who assisted him in his destruction of the city.〔Obeyesekere (1990), p. 191〕 They killed the king, and continued to wreak havoc in the city, "killing and eating thousands" daily, until finally being tamed by the Buddha and agreed to stop harming humans.〔Obeyesekere (1990), p. 192〕
Each of these demons are believed to affect humans in the form of an illnesses,〔Claus, Diamond and Mills (2003), p. 133〕 and the Sanni Yakuma ritual summons these demons and banishes them back to the demon world after bringing them under control.〔 Although it is unclear when the ritual began, it has been performed in the southern and western parts of the country since ancient times.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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